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Cyber Law, AI & Digital Rights

Deepfakes, online privacy, UPI scams, and data protection.

How do I take action against online defamation or cyber libel in India?

Cyber defamation is actionable under Section 356 BNS, 2023 (criminal defamation) and tort law (civil defamation). File cybercrime complaint, issue takedown notice under IT Rules 2021, send legal notice, and pursue civil damages or criminal proceedings. Average compensation ranges from ₹50,000 to ₹50 lakh+.
Reference: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Section 356); Information Technology Act, 2000; IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021; Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, (2015) 5 SCC 1

My social media or email account was hacked — what should I do legally?

Act within hours: report to platform via emergency channels, secure remaining accounts, file complaint at cybercrime.gov.in or call 1930, register FIR under Sections 66/66C/66D IT Act and Sections 318/319 BNS, freeze financial accounts, and engage cyber lawyer. Speed determines recovery success.
Reference: Information Technology Act, 2000 (Sections 43, 66, 66C, 66D); Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023; Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023; CERT-In Directions, April 2022

Is a WhatsApp group admin legally liable for members' posts in India?

Generally NO, unless admin actively participates, encourages, fails to act after notice, or has actual knowledge of illegal content. Multiple High Courts (Madras, Bombay, Kerala, Allahabad) have held admins NOT vicariously liable absent knowledge or contribution. Best practice: clear rules, prompt action on flagged content, exit groups with illegal activity.
Reference: Information Technology Act, 2000 (Section 79); IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021; Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023; R. Rajendran v. Inspector of Police, Madras HC 2018; Kishor Tarone v. State of Maharashtra, Bombay HC 2018

How do I exercise my right to erasure or correction of personal data under DPDPA?

Under Section 12 of the DPDPA, 2023, you can ask any company or organisation that holds your personal data (based on your consent) to correct inaccurate or outdated data, or erase it entirely. Submit the request through the company's published grievance channel — every Data Fiduciary is required to publish one on its website or app. The company can refuse erasure only where it must legally retain the data (tax, RBI, SEBI, or other statutory retention rules) and must tell you the legal basis if it does.
Reference: Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, Section 12 (Right to correction and erasure), Section 13 (Right to grievance redressal); Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025

I've been told I'm under 'digital arrest' — what is this scam and what should I do?

There is no such thing as a 'digital arrest' in Indian law. No court, police force or agency arrests or interrogates anyone over a video call, and none demands money to 'verify' your accounts. If you are being pressured: stop, do not transfer money, call 1930 (National Cyber Crime Helpline) and file at cybercrime.gov.in, and tell your bank at once so it can try to hold the money. Speed matters most in the first hours. On 4 August 2026 the Supreme Court issued nationwide directions to speed up freezing and restoring defrauded money.
Reference: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Sections 204, 308, 318, 319); Information Technology Act, 2000 (Section 66D); Supreme Court of India, In Re: Victims of Digital Arrest Related to Forged Documents, interim directions of 4 August 2026